Why the Catholic Church Practices "Closed Communion"
On the surface, the Catholic practice of " closed communion "—restricting the Eucharist to Catholics in good standing—can appear scandalous, especially when many Protestant communities practice "open communion." Critics often ask: if Jesus freely received tax collectors and sinners at His dinner table (Luke 15:1-2), why do we refuse them the Lord’s Supper? The fundamental difference lies in understanding what the Eucharist is. Unlike a casual, hospitable meal, the Last Supper was an intimate, covenantal affair reserved for Jesus's chosen twelve, serving as the fulfillment of the Jewish Passover. The Passover was a decidedly "closed" event, requiring entrance into the covenant community (Exod. 12:48). Therefore, the Church doesn't treat the Eucharist as an act of generic hospitality, open to all, but rather as an act of marital intimacy—a profound union reserved for those in full covenantal relationship with the Church, the Bride of Christ. This exc...